Call for Chapters for
“The de Gruyter Handbook of Women Entrepreneurs
in Emerging Markets”
EDITORS
Professor Helle Neergaard, Aarhus University, Denmark
[log in to unmask]
Associate Professor Maribel Guerrero, Northumbria University, United Kingdom
Dr. Breda Kenny, Munster Technological University, Ireland
Professor Friederike Welter, IfM, Bonn and University of Siegen, Germany
[log in to unmask]" alt="WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN" v:shapes="_x0000_s1026">
[log in to unmask]" alt="Emerging Markets Stocks and ETFs for 2021">
The objective of this book is to present the state-of-the-art of women’s entrepreneurship in emerging markets.
The role of women entrepreneurs in economic development and growth
It is commonly agreed that women-owned businesses constitute one of the fastest-growing entrepreneurial populations in the world, and that
they make significant contributions to entrepreneurial activity and wealth creation in all economies (Brush et al., 2009) in terms of i) new job creation and ii) gross domestic product (Ayogu and Agu, 2015). According to Rae (2015), this has a positive impact
on both poverty reduction and social exclusion. However, on a global scale, significantly fewer women than men own and operate a business (Elam et al., 2019), and this gap widens as the level of development of a country increases (Coduras and Autio, 2013),
possibly because as economies improve the state develops social and welfare systems that tend to encroach on areas such as health and education, in which women traditionally start businesses. Further, whilst women’s businesses tend to be smaller and have slower
sales and employment growth than those owned by men, women’s economic empowerment tends to lead to wealth creation, job creation, better health and education outcomes for themselves and their families, increased participation in decision-making in and outside
the home, poverty alleviation, improved living standards, and overall well-being.
In the past, there has been a tendency for scholars to focus on developed countries and project results from these contexts
to developing country contexts and assume similarity. The growing research interest in women’s entrepreneurship in developing countries is probably due to the role that entrepreneurship plays in the economic development process (Minniti and Naudé, 2010). However,
one size does not fit all and increasing research on developing countries and emerging markets published in the past decade illustrates that context matters. Indeed, the characteristics and role of women’s entrepreneurship vary across countries.
In addition, there also seems to be a higher prevalence of women’s entrepreneurship in developing countries. However, this
might be due to involuntary or necessity entrepreneurship rather than opportunity entrepreneurship (Perry et al., 2007). This is a challenge to quantify or value because when entrepreneurship is born from necessity, it often yields financial outcomes that
may not be sufficient for an individual, never mind a family, to subsist from.
From the literature we know that women-owned businesses face obstacles in developed economies, but we know much less about
the issues they are facing in emerging economies. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of evidence on how many women-owned and managed enterprises participate in international trade, what type of products/services they export or what barriers discourage women
from entering international markets (International Trade Centre, 2015). There is indeed a substantial lack of studies that explore women’s entrepreneurship in an emerging
economy context.
This book intends to fill this void. Having said that, it is not so much the intensity of activity but how specific contexts
and the entrepreneurialism of women interact in emerging economies that we find interesting. We therefore intend to focus on a variety of ‘contexts’—broadly defined as outlined below—and organized into a number of theoretical streams that can also be interpreted
as contexts.
Context
According to Baker and Welter (2020), context plays an ever-increasing role in entrepreneurship research because it determines a number of
dimensions such as space, time, practice, and change. Rather than context being ‘out there’, it is rather something that entrepreneurs ‘do’ and interact with—they are not only shaped by their environment, they also shape their environment according to the
morphogenetic approach (Archer, 1995). Indeed, context in terms of place plays a role in shaping who the entrepreneurs are (Baker and Welter 2020). This means that culture, heritage, community and history are important elements of place. For example,
Culture involves (i) the practices, norms and values that determine how value creation is perceived and evaluated within specific communities; and (ii) the performative processes by which cultures emerge, transfer and constantly change.
Heritage is understood as all the conditions of resources inherited within a spatial formation including (i) material conditions, (ii) political structures of dominance (iii) technologies and infrastructure, and (iv) industries, buildings and ruins.
Community is constituted by any self-defined group of people, who see their mutual belonging to the community as distinguishing but not excluding them from other members of society. Entrepreneurial community building transcends essentialist community
formations based on ethnicity, nationality and gender. History is interpreted as a reservoir of knowledge and relics in terms of past events and experience that may be combined and used in various manners in entrepreneurial activities. Further, following
a morphogenetic approach, there is a reciprocal effect on how context impacts women’s entrepreneurship (Welter, 2020) as well as how women’s entrepreneurship can impact and enact their contexts which suggests that context is also gendered. Thus, emerging markets
constitute contexts that matter in terms of diversity in women’s entrepreneurship.
Defining emerging markets
An emerging market/economy is usually described as an economy characterized by low-income but rapid growth that is utilizing economic liberalization
as the primary engine of growth (Crittenden and Crittenden, 2012). Thus, one cannot equate a developing country with an emergent economy, although Mody (2003) argues that an emerging market economy is strongly related to a
developing nation (i.e., liquidity, equity, trade volume, foreign direct investment, and regulations) becoming more engaged with global markets as it grows. In this view, the emerging economy transition patterns are from pre-industrial to a modern economy
with better living standards. Although there is little consensus in the academic literature on which countries qualify as emerging markets, according to the Standard and Poors’ index, the emerging market economies include Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech
Republic, Egypt, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Thailand, and Turkey. Although it is important to have some clarity as to what constitutes an emerging market, this list excludes certain
markets that we would also consider as emergent, hence, we do not want to limit potential contributions to the markets mentioned above. We also welcome cross-country or historical studies on women’s entrepreneurship in these markets.
There are obviously many issues that are associated with entrepreneurship in emerging markets. For example, women in emerging
markets may experience social stigma, gender inequalities and inabilities to achieve a work-life balance, or obtaining access to resources, notably financial resources (Kamberidou, 2020). These issues are intricately woven together with the themes of this
issue.
COVID-19
COVID-19 constitutes a very specific context. The analysis of women entrepreneurship in emerging markets takes special relevance in the COVID-19
era in at least two ways. First, women entrepreneurs are generally prevalent in ‘non-essential’ sectors that have been strongly affected by the multiples waves and lockdowns. Therefore, it would be interesting to investigate how women entrepreneurs in emergent
markets have fared during the COVID-19 crisis and which support policies/programs have been implemented. Second, women entrepreneurs could show more/fewer attitudes and emotions toward resilience and persistence than male entrepreneurs enrolled in similar
sectors. In this view, it is interesting to investigate how to change taboos or legitimize the role of women entrepreneurs during external shakeouts.
Themes
The following lists potential themes.
i)
rural entrepreneurship
ii)
social entrepreneurship
iii)
sustainable/green entrepreneurship
iv)
growth entrepreneurship
v)
academic entrepreneurship
vi)
technology entrepreneurship
vii)
cultural entrepreneurship
viii)
minority entrepreneurship
ix)
family entrepreneurship (succession, mother daughter, gender issues)
x)
entrepreneurship education and training
xi) international entrepreneurship
The book will contain approximately 24 chapters. A chapter should be 6-8000 words, including references.
Scheduling details
Please submit extended chapter abstracts of circa 1,000-1,500 words to Professor Helle Neergaard at
[log in to unmask] with a copy to Vibeke Vrang
[log in to unmask]. If you would like to informally discuss a possible
contribution, then please contact Professor Helle Neergaard.
Please note that we will ONLY accept proposals for which the data collection has already been completed.
-
Extended chapter abstracts (5 pgs): ca. 15 May 2021
-
Preliminary acceptance: ca. 1 June 2021
-
Chapter drafts deadline: ca. 1 November 2021
-
Reviews and feedback: ca. 1 February 2022
-
Revised chapters: ca. 1 May 2022
- Second
feedback: ca. 1 June 2022
-
Full manuscript: ca. 1 September 2022
-
Final delivery date: ca. 15 October 2022
References
Archer, M (1995)
Realist Social Theory: The Morphogenetic Approach. Cambridge University Press
Ayogu, DU & Agu, EO (2015). Assessment of the contribution of women entrepreneurs towards entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. International Journal
of current research and academic review, 3:10, 190-207.
Baker, T & Welter, F (2020)
Contextualixzing Entrepreneurship Theory. Routledge.
Brush, CG, De Bruin, A & Welter, F (2009) A gender‐aware
framework for women’s entrepreneurship. International Journal of Gender and entrepreneurship. 1:1, 8-24.
Coduras, A & Autio, E (2013). Comparing subjective and objective indicators to describe the national entrepreneurial context: the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor
and the Global Competitiveness Index contributions. Investigaciones Regionales-Journal of Regional Research, 26, 47-74.
Crittenden VL and Crittenden VF (2012) Corporate Governance in Emerging Economies: Understanding the Game.
Business Horizons 55:6, 567-574.
Elam AB, Brush CG, Greene PG, Baumer B, Dean M, Heavlow R (2019) Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2018/2019 Women’s Entrepreneurship Report. Babson College: Smith
College and the Global Entrepreneurship Research Association.
Hechevarría DM, Ingram A, Justo R, Terjesen S (2012). Are
women more likely to pursue social and environmental entrepreneurship. In Hughes K., Jennings J. (eds)
Global Women’s Entrepreneurship Research: Diverse Settings, Questions and Approaches. Edward Elgar 135–151.
International Trade Centre, (2015). Unlocking Markets for Women to Trade, Geneva: ITC,. XIV, 64 pages. ISBN 978-92-9137-427-4
Kamberidou, I (2020) Distinguished women entrepreneurs in the digital economy and the multitasking whirlpool. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 9:1,
3.
Kelley DJ, Baumer B.S, Brush C, Green PG, Mahdavi M, Majbouri M et al. (2017) Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2018/2017 Report on Women’s Entrepreneurship. Babson
College: Smith College and the Global Entrepreneurship Research Association.
Minniti, M and Naudé, W (2010) What do we know about the Patterns and Determinants of Female Entrepreneurship across countries. European Journal of Development Research 22:3, 277-293
Mody, A (2003). What is an emerging market? IMF Work Paper Series.
https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2004/wp04177.pdf
Perry, GE, Maloney, WF, Arias, OS, Fajnzylber, P, Mason, AD and Saavedra Chanduvi, J (2007) Informality:
Exit and Exclusion. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Rae, D (2015)
Opportunity-Centred Entrepreneurship. New York, NY: Palgrave McMillan.
Welter, F (2020) Contexts a gender – looking back and thinking forward.
International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship.
Welter, F and Baker, T (2020) Moving Contexts onto New roads: Clues from other Disciplines.
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 1-22.
Emerging Market Index:
https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/indices/equity/sp-emerging-markets-core/#overview