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Larry Braile has a quite detailed write up for modelling faulting and tectonic boundaries using different foam blocks and sheets: http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/edumod/foammod/foammod.htm <http://web.ics.purdue.edu/%7Ebraile/edumod/foammod/foammod.htm> Basic suggestions students have done in our classrooms for modelling: same thickness of flexible foam for collision boundaries - model uplift, folding and mountain building different thicknesses of foam for subduction zones (thinner tends to subduct under thicker) thread two sheets up through a small gap between two desks for a spreading ridge flexible long sheets (like camping mattresses) draped over the backs of crouched students - when the students roll, the plate above them moves laterally - models convection cells In all scenarios, features can be stuck or drawn onto the foam, e.g. volcanoes, quake epicentres, magnetic striping, land masses. All of these can work as discovery tasks: provide instructions of what to do, and students observe what happens.