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Check the switch config to see if the PortFast (might be called something else depending on the brand) is configured for the edge ports that don't link to other switches. With spanning tree there is a negotiation period that can take several minutes after the link comes up before frames start passing. This blocks DHCP and everything else. PortFast is essentially a setting telling the switch that no, there is no chance that this port that will link to another switch as part of a spanning tree loop so skip the discovery.